Fuel gas is a common term which refers to any of several gases such as methane ethane propane butane and the higher compounds, which are burnt to produce thermal energy.
Methane popularly known as natural gas is the most common fuel gas, while others also include Town gas, Syngas, liquified petroleum gas, Wood gas, Producer gas and Water gas.
In scientific terms, fuel gas is defined as a gaseous substance that burns in air and releases enough heat so as to be used as a fuel, while also remaining sufficiently stable at ordinary temperatures to permit long-term storage without deterioration or any hazards.
These fuel gases are good alternatives for domestic purposes such as cooking, while the other possible alternative options include the use of biogas.
Coal gas is a flammable gaseous fuel made from coal, which is popularly known as ‘Town gas’ referring to the manufactured gaseous fuels produced for sale to consumers and municipalities.
Depending upon the processes used for its creation, coal gas may be a mixture of many combustible gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and volatile hydrocarbons, along with small amounts of non-calorific gases like carbon dioxide and nitrogen, as impurities.
Coal gas has been extensively exploited in the 19th and early 20th Centuries for lighting, cooking and heating. Originally this is a by-product of the coking process. As development of fuel gas spread across all horizons, its byproducts, coal tars and ammonia, were considered an important chemical feedstock for the dye and chemical industry.
In past the coal gas plants were commonly referred to as the Manufactured Gas Plants or MGP’s by the environmental professionals.
Coal gas may be any of a variety of gases produced by heating coal in the absence of air and driving off the volatile constituents. But it is not as high in fuel value as other gases and often contains tars, light oils, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide
It is also known as manufactured gas, hygas, producer gas, and syngas (SNG), in few countries, which is supplied via a piped distribution system to the user.
Natural gas occurs alone and in conjunction with petroleum deposits, which is an excellent fuel gas in wide commercial use.
Liquefied petroleum gas is a manufactured mixture of flammable gases that is easily stored in its liquefied condition. This is processed and filled up inside the gas cylinders which are used by millions around the world as cooking gas.
Oil gas is a type of fuel gas manufactured by applying heat to various petroleum distillates. Its principal use is as a supplement to natural gas during periods of heavy demand.
The fuel gas finds many other applications in the industry too; for instance a whole rainbow of artificial dye colours can be made from coal gas and coal tar.
It is advantageous if a fuel gas is readily transportable through pipes and is easily liquefied. Practically all fuel gases meet the first condition, and some meet the second as well. Hydrogen may also be considered as a fuel gas in the future.
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